2021-02-02

来,通过 Excel 来认识神器——POI

1、POI是什么

Apache POI - the Java API for Microsoft Documents,顾名思义,Apache的三方包,用来操作微软office文档的,多数时候用来操作excel,所以这里就以excel方面来说明。

需要引入两个包,maven地址如下(version 3.9):

<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi</artifactId> <version>3.9</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-oo

POI的组件列表中,针对excel的主要是HSSF和XSSF组件,前者针对97-2007的通用版excel,即后缀xls;后者针对2007或更高版的excel,即后缀xlsx。官方概要如下:

HSSF is the POI Project's pure Java implementation of the Excel '97(-2007) file format. XSSF is the POI Project's pure Java implementation of the Excel 2007 OO

2、POI核心类

面向对象面向对象,既然如此,自然去找找一些能表示excel中内容的类。

2.1 工作簿 Workbook

创建或维护Excel工作簿的所有类的超接口,Workbook,属于org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel包。其下有两个实现类:

  • HSSFWorkbook : 有读取.xls 格式和写入Microsoft Excel文件的方法。它与微软Office97-2003版本兼容
  • XSSFWorkbook : 有读写Microsoft Excel和OpenOffice的

所以在针对不同版本的excel时,需要对应以上使用不同的Workbook。构造函数中,常用的:

HSSFWorkbook

HSSFWorkbook()HSSFWorkbook(java.io.InputStream s)

XSSFWorkbook

XSSFWorkbook()XSSFWorkbook(java.io.File file)XSSFWorkbook(java.io.InputStream is)

2.2 标签页 Sheet

HSSFSheetXSSFSheet 都是Sheet接口的实现类,Sheet可以使用Workbook的两个方法获得:

workbook.createSheet();workbook.createSheet(String sheetName);

2.3 行 Row

同理,Row是 HSSFRowXSSFRow 的接口,通过Sheet获取:

sheet.createRow(int rownum);

2.4 单元格 Cell

同理,Cell是 HSSFCellXSSFCell 的接口,通过Row获取:

row.createCell(int column);row.createCell(int column, int type);

3、创建和读取

其实如果能理解面向对象,就很简单了,另外包括字体,公式,超链接等,都有对应的封装类,此处只提出了核心的几个,需要了解更多的需要自行展开。

例子的话,直接从别人教程里摘出来吧,另,读取的workbook,可以debug瞅瞅内容。

3.1 创建空白工作簿

import java.io.*;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;public class CreateWorkBook { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {   XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();    FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(  new File("createworkbook.xlsx"));   workbook.write(out);  out.close();  System.out.println("  createworkbook.xlsx written successfully"); }}

3.2 打开现有的工作簿

import java.io.*;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;public class OpenWorkBook{ public static void main(String args[])throws Exception {  File file = new File("openworkbook.xlsx");  FileInputStream fIP = new FileInputStream(file);   XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fIP);  if(file.isFile() && file.exists())  {   System.out.println(   "openworkbook.xlsx file open successfully.");  }  else  {   System.out.println(   "Error to open openworkbook.xlsx file.");  } }}

3.3、任意对象List转至为Excel文档

可用注解定义标签名和列名,写了个方法,可以将某个类的List转换为对应的Excel文档,列名如果在不使用注解的情况下默认为属性名:

类:

@Excel(name = "学生标签页")public class Student { @Excel(name = "姓名") private String name; private boolean male; @Excel(name = "身高") private int height; public String getName() {  return name; } public void setName(String name) {  this.name = name; } public boolean isMale() {  return male; } public void setMale(boolean male) {  this.male = male; } public int getHeight() {  return height; } public void setHeight(int height) {  this.height = height; }}

测试方法:

public static void main(String[] args) { List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>(); Student student1 = new Student(); student1.setName("小红"); student1.setMale(false); student1.setHeight(167); Student student2 = new Student(); student2.setName("小明"); student2.setMale(true); student2.setHeight(185); list.add(student1); list.add(student2); File file = new File("C:/Users/Dulk/Desktop/1314.xls"); createExcel(list, file);}

输出结果:

注解:

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface Excel {  public String name() default "";}

方法:

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;public class ExcelUtil { private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ExcelUtil.class);  public static Workbook gainWorkbook(File file) throws ExcelException {  if (!isExcel(file)) {   throw new ExcelException("文件不是Excel类型");  }    if (!file.exists()) {   try {    OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);    Workbook workbook = isOlderEdition(file) ? new HSSFWorkbook() : new XSSFWorkbook();    workbook.write(os);    log.debug("文件不存在,新建该Excel文件");    os.close();   } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IOException e) {    e.printStackTrace();   }  }  try {   InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);   return isOlderEdition(file) ? new HSSFWorkbook(is) : new XSSFWorkbook(is);  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  }  return null; }  private static boolean isOlderEdition(File file) {  return file.getName().matches(".+\\.(?i)xls"); }  private static boolean isExcel(File file) {  String fileName = file.getName();  String regXls = ".+\\.(?i)xls";  String regXlsx = ".+\\.(?i)xlsx";  return fileName.matches(regXls) || fileName.matches(regXlsx); }  public static <E> Workbook createExcel(List<E> list, File file) {  String sheetName = "default";  if (list.size() == 0) {   return null;  }  Workbook workbook = null;  try {   Class clazz = list.get(0).getClass();   Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();   if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(Excel.class)) {    Excel excel = (Excel) clazz.getAnnotation(Excel.class);    sheetName = excel.name();   }   workbook = gainWorkbook(file);   Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(sheetName);      Row line = sheet.createRow(0);   for (int k = 0; k < fields.length; k++) {    Cell cell = line.createCell(k);    String columnName = fields[k].getName();    if (fields[k].isAnnotationPresent(Excel.class)) {     Excel excel = fields[k].getAnnotation(Excel.class);     columnName = excel.name();    }    cell.setCellValue(columnName);   }      for (int i = 1; i <= list.size(); i++) {    Row row = sheet.createRow(i);    for (int j = 1; j <= fields.length; j++) {     Cell cell = row.createCell(j - 1);     String fieldName = fields[j - 1].getName();     String fieldFirstLetterUpper = fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase();     String prefix = "get";     if ("boolean".equals(fields[j - 1].getType().getName())) {      prefix = "is";     }     String methodName = prefix + fieldFirstLetterUpper + fieldName.substring(1);     Method method = clazz.getMethod(methodName);     cell.setCellValue(String.valueOf(method.invoke(list.get(i - 1))));    }   }   log.debug("List读入完毕");   OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);   workbook.write(os);   os.close();  } catch (ExcelException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  }  return workbook; }}

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1、POI是什么ApachePOI-theJavaAPIforMicrosoftDocuments,顾名思义,Apache的三方包,用来操作微软office文档的,多数时候用来操作excel,所以这里就以excel方面来说明。需要引入两个包,maven地址如下(version3.9):<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</group
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